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The
Slaughterhouse Informer
A
Compendiium of Various Official Lies, Business Scandals, Small
Murders, Frauds, and Other Gross Defects of Our Current Political,
Business and Religious Moral Lepers.
Presenting a new magazine that contains material that is not found
elsewhere and is very difficult to post on the Internet. The
‘Voice of the White House’ will appear in each issue containing
material not found on TBR News for very obvious reasons.This
publication will appear once a week, on Wednesday, every week, will
be ten pages in length and is available by subscription only. The
price is $5.00 a month and can be paid via PayPal or by check, sent
to ‘Morris Productions, 1350 E. New Yort St. Ste A2-190, Aurora,
Il 60504.’ If you don’t like it, and Bush supporters can read
the Drudge Report for free, you can cancel at any time.
TBR Ebooks
Civil
insurrection in America and government countermeasures: The official
papers
By
Bradley Moscrip
An
in-depth study of official American plans to construct FEMA
detention centers in America and specific recent U.S. Army domestic
counterinsurgency plans. Here is a sampling of the ebook contents:
Gun
Control by Confiscation
As the American general population is known to be
the most heavily armed in the world, immediately upon the
declaration of Martial Law and the execution by the military of
counterinsurgency programs, it has been determined that the BATF,
will begin the process of rounding up all rifles, pistols and
so-called assault weaponry from the civil population. Lists of gun
collectors obtained from firearms dealers, gun magazine subscription
lists and other sources will be the basis for these mass
confiscations. Gun owners will be supplied documentation by the BATF
showing which pieces have been confiscated so that in the future,
they will be told, they can recover their weapons when the state of
emergency has passed. In actuality, weapons that do not have a high
value or are not suitable for arming loyalist police forces, will be
destroyed by order
This
study is available from tbrnews at
$5.00
by PayPal
The Voice of the White House
Washington,
D.C., November 10, 2008: “No sooner was Barrack Obama declared
President-elect than the bloggers began their senseless attacks on
him and on any of those who were speculated to be members of his new
government.
These
are the same unhinged idiots who would cheerfully attack Jesus
Christ if He won the election and who can be counted on to spend the
next four years, yapping in the public ear like a Pomeranian dog on
speed. Many simplistic bloggers think they alone brought down George
Bush with their pointless yappings but I have news for them: George
Bush brought himself down by his stupidity and arrogance, not
some tin horn living in Wetumka, Georgia with an old
computer and a mindless itch to be important.
Thanks
to the corporate-friendly Bush people, we are now in a serious
recession that bids fair to turn into a major depression.
Much of this economic collapse is due to the deliberate
removal of market controls but the rest is basically psychological.
Just as mass psychology drove the market up, so mass psychology will
drive the market down.
Franklin
Roosevelt was a well-educated man but not very competent economist.
He was, however, a great propagandist and for the first one hundred
days of his presidency, he basically saved us all from a total
economic collapse.
Given
our present economic seismic problems, might it not be more useful
to at least refrain from yapping and snarling, mindless behavior
that only serves to further distract and frighten an already
terrified public?
There
are indeed times when silence is golden. In short, put a sock in it,
dude.”
The keys
to the country
November 9, 2008
by Pepe Escobar
Asia Times
KEY WEST, Florida - The state of Florida was a case study of
how the 2008 United States presidential election was won. Talk about
will to power. Implanted in the Barack Obama campaign mindset,
articulated by the "two Davids" - former Obama chief
strategist Axelrod and campaign manager Plouffe - an uncontroversial
Florida win would not only erase the nightmarish hanging chad film
noir of eight years ago but achieve burning bright redemption by
routing the Republicans with an overwhelming ground game, part of
the most sophisticated field operation in the history of American
politics.
From the point of view of Obamaland, the alluring, swinging
Sunshine State became an obsession - even more than Ohio
Money
was no object. The campaign deployed 250,000 volunteers clustered
around 100 field offices getting out the vote with phone banks and
knocking door-to-door, canvassing cops and cars and manicured
boulevards, derelict wastelands and bastions of privilege,
outspending the McCain campaign on the airwaves three to one.
It boiled down to the - vital - matter of selling a polished
black intellectual from Chicago who was virtually unknown
in Florida only five months ago. Bill Clinton and Al Gore,
superstars in their own right, hit the stage in Florida in the last
week of campaigning only after Obama had proved he could win the
Sunshine State by himself.
In the end, Obama got almost 71% of new registered voters in
Florida. Boosted by swing voters, independents, African Americans,
the bulk of the vote from Central and South Americans, and young
Cuban Americans, he beat McCain 51% to 48%, paving the road to that
moment in time the Reverend Martin Luther King dreamed of. Joe the
Plumber in Ohio may have not, but Jose el Plomero in Florida voted
Obama.
The long and winding road
Time
waits for no president-elect. But it will take time for the
symbolism of November 4 to sink in - that cool, calm, collected one
man melting pot smile imprinted on the face of the planet, as if
every corner of Earth was allowed to dream in American again and
sing, as One, Obambopaloobop Obambamboom.
It's been a long time comin'. Obama is post-everything, and
not only ethnically. A former colleague at the University of Chicago
law faculty describes him as a "visionary minimalist". A
dreamer, yes - but within realistic boundaries.
The world, still ecstatic, will soon notice that Obama is
also all about post-ethnic civic nationalism. Make no mistake: in
his own way, he also wants a New American century. His speeches tell
the story. He truly believes in American exceptionalism and in the
US manifest destiny.
But he is not an ideologue. He does not position himself as a
liberal or a centrist. He is above all a pragmatist. His speeches
also stress that it's not about left and right. It's not about big
government or small government. It's about a government that works.
How will it work? Americans at this historical juncture are
not allowed to be "crackpot realists" - as C Wright Mills
would put it. Everyone has to become a critical intellectual. As
Obama himself said in his acceptance speech,
‘The
road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get
there in one year or even in one term. But America, I have never
been more hopeful that I am tonight that we will get there. I
promise you, we as a people, we'll get there. ‘
The
keys to the highway
Obama has to bridge the gulf not only between black and white
but red and blue and rich and poor. The Bush era meant eight years
of non-stop redistribution of wealth from the bottom to the top, and
the crystallization of the US as the most socially unequal among all
industrialized economies. But Americans have had enough. A recent Gallup
poll reveals 58% - and 84% of Democratic voters - believe
money and wealth should be more evenly distributed in the US.
Obama has to - literally - climb to the mountain top and
challenge the $700 billion taxpayer bailout of Wall Street. Will he
dare to re-regulate Wall Street in the public interest?
He has to come clean about a health plan that won't be run
and controlled by hardcore corporate insurance companies,
ultra-conservative hospital associations and the Big Pharma
industry. Why not a universal single payer health program?
He has to come clean on his relationship with Big
Agrobusiness. He has to explain how fiscal austerity will be
compatible with creating jobs. How bailing out Wall Street is
compatible with productive investment. And how the cracked up
framework of the "war on terror" is compatible with a
domestic recovery.
The Pentagon celebrated Obama's election by bombing a wedding
party in Kandahar province in Afghanistan - 48 dead, mostly women
and children, and scores of wounded.
Obama wants a surge in Afghanistan. Obama wants to expand the
framework of the "war on terror" inside the Pakistani
tribal areas. Obama wants redeployment in Iraq - not withdrawal. He
does not have a clearly defined deadline to leave Iraq because the
Pentagon lodged in Iraq is directly tied to access to oil in the
Middle East and a non-stop war of attrition with Iran, Syria and
Hezbollah in Lebanon. Obama has not renounced unconditional support
to Israel's neo-colonial war on Palestine and relentless expansion
of Israeli settlements in the West Bank - one of the root causes of
virtually all the grief in the Middle East.
And then there's that "other" America.
Will Obama understand the reach and transformative power of
profound social movements in Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay,
all over Latin America? Will he understand that the Monroe Doctrine
is dead - and Latin America as a whole is more than willing for a
mature relationship with the US?
Sunsets are fabulous in Key West. Cuba is just 144 kilometers
away.
Will Obama have the courage to end a failed, painful and
criminal embargo - he's already been called on it by Hugo Chavez in
Venezuela and President Luiz Inacio Lula in Brazil - an embargo that
banishes the purchase of spare parts for diagnostic equipment used
in cancer detection, delays the delivery of millions of syringes for
vaccinations against communicable diseases, and blocks access to
imported seeds, fertilizers and spare parts for farm machinery? The
US embargo is an embargo against ordinary Cubans.
Geographically, the United States of America ends here at the
tip of Florida. Politically, the long Bush night of the soul also
ends here - in slightly over 70 days. Historically, led by a cool
black man with a weapon of mass seduction - his unlimited soft power
- this passage of time has the potential to be the prelude to a new
day dawning. It's up to engaged, tirelessly mobilized US civil
society - and for the whole world for that matter - to turn hope
into reality, and help this man "change America, and change the
world".
Pepe Escobar is the author of Globalistan:
How the Globalized World is Dissolving into Liquid War
(Nimble Books, 2007) and Red
Zone Blues: a snapshot of Baghdad during the surge. He
may be reached at pepeasia@yahoo.com.
Obama, McCain campaigns' computers hacked
for policy data
November
6, 2008
CNN
WASHINGTON
(CNN) -- Computers at the headquarters of the Barack Obama and John
McCain campaigns were hacked during the campaign by a foreign entity
looking for future policy information, a source with knowledge of
the incidents confirms to CNN.
Workers
at Barack Obama's headquarters first thought there was a computer
virus.
The
source said the computers were hacked mid-summer by either a foreign
government or organization.
Another
source, a law enforcement official familiar with the investigation,
says federal investigators approached both campaigns with
information the U.S. government had about the hacking, and the
campaigns then hired private companies to mitigate the problem.
U.S.
authorities, according to one of the sources, believe they know who
the foreign entity responsible for the hacking is, but refused to
identify it in any way, including what country.
The
source, confirming the attacks that were first reported by Newsweek,
said the sophisticated intrusions appeared aimed at gaining
information about the evolution of policy positions in order to gain
leverage in future dealings with whomever was elected.
The
FBI is investigating, one of the sources confirmed to CNN. The FBI
and Secret Service refused comment on the incidents.
The
sources refused to speak on the record due to the ongoing
investigation and also because it is a sensitive matter involving
presidential politics.
As
described by a Newsweek reporter with special access while working
on a post-campaign special, workers in Obama's
headquarters first detected what they thought was a computer virus
that was trying to obtain users' personal information.
The
next day, agents from the FBI and Secret Service came to the office
and said, "You have a problem way bigger than what you
understand ... you have been compromised, and a serious amount of
files have been loaded off your system."
One
of the sources told CNN the hacking into the McCain
campaign computers occurred around the same time as the breach
into those of Obama's campaign.
Representatives
of the campaigns could not be reached for comment on the matter.
Comment: Though not published, the country that hacked the
computers has been identified as Israel. Had it been Russia, the
story would have been on the wire within seconds.
BH
Obama
Weighs Quick Undoing of Bush Policy
November
10, 2008
by
Jeff Zeleny
New
York Times
CHICAGO
— President-elect Barack Obama is poised to move swiftly to
reverse actions that President Bush took using executive authority,
and his transition team is reviewing limits on stem
cell research and the expansion of oil and gas drilling,
among other issues, members of the team said Sunday.
As
Mr. Obama prepared to make his first post-election visit to the
White House on Monday, his advisers were compiling a list of
policies that could be reversed by the executive powers of the new
president. The assessment is under way, aides said, but a full list
of policies to be overturned will not be announced by Mr. Obama
until he confers with new members of his cabinet.
“There’s
a lot that the president can do using his executive authority
without waiting for Congressional action, and I think we’ll see
the president do that,” John D. Podesta, a top
transition leader, said Sunday. “He feels like he has a real
mandate for change. We need to get off the course that the Bush
administration has set.”
Throughout
his presidency, Mr. Bush has made liberal use of his executive
authority, using it to put his stamp on a range of hot-button policy
issues.
In
January 2001, on his first full day in office, Mr. Bush reinstated
the so-called global gag rule, initiated during the Reagan
administration and overturned by President Bill Clinton, which prohibited taxpayer
dollars from being given to international family planning groups
that perform abortions and provide abortion
counseling. After Mr. Obama’s victory last week, the Center for
Reproductive Rights delivered a 23-page memorandum to his transition
team, calling for “bold policy change,” including a repeal of
the gag rule.
On
Sunday, in a sign that the presidential campaign had definitively
ended and that the fast-forming administration had become the focal
point, the faces of Mr. Obama’s new team appeared across the
spectrum of Sunday talk shows, a changing of the guard more than two
months before he officially assumes power.
Mr.
Obama’s new chief of staff, Representative Rahm Emanuel, Democrat of Illinois, said
the federal government should provide aid to the automobile industry
to help the major automakers and their suppliers survive the
financial crisis. General Motors, the largest
American automaker, said last week that it had been losing more than
$2 billion a month recently from its cash cushion and could face
bankruptcy.
Mr.
Emanuel told the CBS News program “Face the Nation” that the
industry was “an essential part of the economy,” echoing remarks
that Mr. Obama made at his first post-election news conference last
week.
Restating
Mr. Obama’s points, Mr. Emanuel said the Bush administration
should accelerate $25 billion in federal loans provided by a recent
law to help automakers and suppliers retool to build more
energy-efficient vehicles. He said that the Bush administration had
the power to do more and that Mr. Obama’s economic team, once
chosen, would devise options for helping the industry in ways that
had the added benefit of being “part of an energy policy, going
forward, where America is less dependent on foreign oil.”
The
idea of turning the auto industry’s crisis into a chance to enact
changes with energy and environmental benefits is one that Mr.
Emanuel has promoted in Congress. But he said that Mr. Obama had yet
to settle on his proposals or whether he would announce them before
he was sworn in.
“Rule
one: Never allow a crisis to go to waste,” Mr. Emanuel said in an
interview on Sunday. “They are opportunities to do big things.”
Mr.
Podesta, who for months has been preparing for the transition, said
in an appearance on “Fox News Sunday” that Mr. Obama was
considering Democrats, Republicans and independents for key cabinet
positions. While previous presidents have not announced such
appointments until December, Mr. Podesta suggested that officials
with responsibility for the economy, national security, health care
and energy portfolios could be named sooner.
“I
think he intends to move very quickly,” Mr. Podesta said. “And
you know, he’s beaten a lot of records during the course of the
campaign.”
Mr.
Obama does not intend to name any cabinet officials this week, aides
said Sunday, but could announce additional White House decisions on
senior staff members as early as Tuesday as he begins building his
administration, from the Oval Office to other positions in the West
Wing and other parts of the government.
Mr.
Emanuel said Congress needed to extend unemployment insurance
benefits and offer states a lift in paying for health care bills.
When the new Democratic Congress convenes in January, he said, it
should tackle a wider economic stimulus package that
includes the middle-class tax cut that was a centerpiece of Mr.
Obama’s presidential campaign.
“You
cannot have a strong and resilient economy that does not have a
strong and resilient middle class,” Mr. Emanuel said on “This
Week” on ABC. “They have been squeezed over the last number of
years, and it is essential to have an economic strategy that
strengthens them going forward.”
Mr.
Emanuel said an economic stimulus package in Congress should not be
linked to a free-trade agreement with Colombia, as some Republicans
have sought to do. Democrats have resisted those efforts, saying it
does not provide enough labor protection.
The
executive orders of the Bush administration are among the many items
being reviewed by the new Obama team. The transition operation that
was set up in August, even before Mr. Obama was formally nominated
at the Democratic convention, included a plan to scrutinize the
policies that could be reversed through executive orders.
The
Bureau
of Land Management is poised to open about 360,000 acres
of public land in Utah to oil and gas drilling, a plan that the Bush
administration has argued would not harm the land. Environmentalists
have opposed the idea, a sentiment echoed by Mr. Podesta on Sunday.
“I
think across the board, on stem cell research, on a number of
areas,” Mr. Podesta said on “Fox News Sunday,” “you see the
Bush administration even today moving aggressively to do things that
I think are probably not in the interest of the country. They want
to have oil and gas drilling in some of the most sensitive, fragile
lands in Utah that they’re going to try to do right as they are
walking out the door. I think that’s a mistake.”
Mr.
Bush used his first prime-time address, on Aug. 9, 2001, to announce
his decision (technically a policy pronouncement and not an
executive order) to permit federal financing for human embryonic
stem cell research, albeit with strict limitations. Scientists and
patient advocates have spent years pressing him to loosen the
restrictions; Mr. Bush has twice vetoed legislation that would have
done so.
“It
will have been eight years that we have been operating in a limited
funding environment,” said Larry Soler, a board member of the
Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research, an umbrella group
representing 100 organizations. “I think everyone in the
scientific community and the patient community is geared up and
expecting this and excited to make this happen. It’s been a long
struggle.”
Responding
to questions about how Michelle Obama intends to
shape her time as first lady, Valerie Jarrett, a close
adviser to Mr. Obama and a longtime family friend, said Mrs. Obama
would first concentrate on getting her daughters, ages 7 and 10,
adjusted to a new city and a new school. She said Mrs. Obama would
forge her own style, dismissing a question about whether she would
be more like Hillary Rodham Clinton or Laura Bush.
“Her
model will be Michelle Obama,” Ms. Jarrett said on “Meet the
Press” on NBC. “She’s going to be her own first
lady. There’ll be nothing like it. Having a seat at the table and
being a co-president is not something that she’s interested in
doing.”
Jackie
Calmes and Sheryl Gay Stolberg contributed reporting from
Washington.
Internet
Attacks Grow More Potent
November
10, 2008
by
John Markoff
New
York Times
SAN
FRANCISCO — Attackers bent on shutting down large Web sites —
even the operators that run the backbone of the Internet — are
arming themselves with what are effectively vast digital fire hoses
capable of overwhelming the world’s largest networks, according to
a new report on online security.
In
these attacks, computer networks are hijacked to form so-called
botnets that spray random packets of data in huge streams over the
Internet. The deluge of data is meant to bring down Web sites and
entire corporate networks. Known as distributed denial of service,
or D.D.O.S., attacks, such cyberweapons are now routinely used
during political and military conflicts, as in Estonia in 2007
during a political fight with Russia, and in the Georgian-Russian
war last summer. Such attacks are also being used in blackmail
schemes and political conflicts, as well as for general malicious
mischief.
A
survey of 70 of the largest Internet operators in North America,
South America, Europe and Asia found that malicious attacks were
rising sharply and that the individual attacks were growing more
powerful and sophisticated, according to the Worldwide
Infrastructure Security Report. This report is produced annually by
Arbor Networks, a company in Lexington, Mass., that provides tools
for monitoring the performance of networks.
The
report, which will be released Tuesday, shows that the largest
attacks have grown steadily in size to over 40 gigabits, from less
than half a megabit, over the last seven years. The largest network
connections generally available today carry 10 gigabits of data,
meaning that they can be overwhelmed by the most powerful attackers.
The
Arbor Networks researchers said a 40-gigabit attack took place this
year when two rival criminal cybergangs began quarreling over
control of an online Ponzi scheme. “This was, initially,
criminal-on-criminal crime though obviously the greatest damage was
inflicted on the infrastructure used by the criminals,” the
network operator wrote in a note on the attack.
The
attack employed a method called reflective amplification, which
allowed a relatively small number of attack computers to generate a
huge stream of data toward a victim. The technique has been in use
since 2006.
“We’re
definitely seeing more targeted attacks toward e-commerce sites,”
said Danny McPherson, chief security officer for Arbor Networks.
“Most enterprises are connected to the Internet with a one-gigabit
connection or less. Even a two-gigabit D.D.O.S. attack will take
them offline.”
Large
network operators that run the backbone of the Internet have tried
to avoid the problem by building excess capacity into their
networks, said Edward G. Amoroso, the chief security officer of
AT&T. He likened the approach to a large shock absorber, but
said he still worried about the growing scale of the attacks.
“We
have a big shock absorber,” he said. “It works, but it’s not
going to work if there’s some Pearl Harbor event.”
Over all, the operators reported they were growing more able
to respond to D.D.O.S. attacks because of improved collaboration
among service providers.
According
to the Arbor Networks report, the network operators said the largest
botnets — which in some cases encompass millions of “zombie”
computers — continue to “outpace containment efforts and
infrastructure investment.”
Despite
a drastic increase in the number of attacks, the percentage referred
to law enforcement authorities declined. The report said 58 percent
of the Internet service providers had referred no instances to law
enforcement in the last 12 months. When asked why there were so few
referrals, 29 percent said law enforcement had limited capabilities,
26 percent said they expected their customers to report illegal
activities and 17 percent said there was “little or no utility”
in reporting attacks.
Hezballah goes anti-tank missile shopping in
Moscow
November
2, 2008
DEBKA
A Hizballah mission, which arrived in Moscow Tuesday, Oct.
28, placed orders for 3,000 Russian missiles of different types
after being shown around Russian state of the art anti-tank missile
factories and treated to a live fire demonstration.
Tehran is footing the bill.
Our
sources disclose that the hardware inspected by the Hizballah
officers included 9M133 (Nato-coded Spriggan AT-14) which can be
launched by helicopter and Kliver, which is an upgraded Kornet-E
mounted on vehicles. The Lebanese Shiite terrorist shoppers also
placed a large order for RPG-2 rocket-propelled grenades made by
Bazalt. In the 2006 Lebanon war, the older RPG-29 used by Hizballah
was responsible for most of the hits suffered by Israeli tanks.
Last month, Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert traveled to
Moscow to ask Russian leaders to refrain from selling arms to Syria
and Iran, countries at war with Israel. Moscow only promised to
reconsider weapons sales capable of upsetting the balance of
strength in “sensitive regions” and then went right ahead to
sign big arms deals with Damascus and Tehran – and now Hizballah.
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The Crowley Papers: The Vietnam War- 1945-1978
Edited by Dr. Peter Janney
On
October 8th, 2000, Robert Trumbull Crowley, once a leader of the
CIA's Clandestine Operations Division, died in a Washington hospital
of heart failure and the end effects of Alzheimer's Disease. Before
the late Assistant Director Crowley was cold, Joseph Trento, a
writer of light-weight books on the CIA, descended on Crowley's
widow at her town house on Cathedral Hill Drive in Washington and
hauled away over fifty boxes of Crowley's CIA files.
Once Trento had his new find secure in his house in Front
Royal , Virginia, he called a well-known Washington fix lawyer with
the news of his success in securing what the CIA had always
considered to be a potential major embarrassment. Three months
before, July 20th of that year, retired Marine Corps colonel William
R. Corson, and an associate of Crowley, died of emphysema and lung
cancer at a hospital in Bethesda, Md.
After Corson's death, Trento and a well-known Washington
fix-lawyer went to Corson's bank, got into his safe deposit box and
removed a manuscript entitled 'Zipper.' This manuscript, which dealt
with Crowley's involvement in the assassination of President John F.
Kennedy, vanished into a CIA burn-bag and the matter was considered
to be closed forever.
The small group
of CIA officials gathered at Trento's house to search through the
Crowley papers, looking for documents that must not become public. A
few were found but, to their consternation, a significant number of
files Crowley was known to have had in his possession had simply
vanished.
When published material concerning the CIA's actions against
Kennedy became public in 2002, it was discovered to the CIA's
horror, that the missing documents had been sent by an increasingly
erratic Crowley to another person and these missing papers included
devastating material on the CIA's activities in South East Asia to
include drug running, money laundering and the maintenance of the
notorious 'Regional Interrogation Centers' in Viet Nam and, worse
still, the Zipper files proving the CIA’s active organization of
the assassination of President John Kennedy..
A massive, preemptive disinformation campaign was readied,
using government-friendly bloggers, CIA-paid "historians"
and others, in the event that anything from this file ever surfaced.
The best-laid plans often go astray and in this case, one of the
compliant historians, a former government librarian who fancied
himself a serious writer, began to tell his friends about the CIA
plan to kill Kennedy and eventually, word of this began to leak out
into the outside world.
The originals had vanished and an extensive search was
conducted by the FBI and CIA operatives but without success.
Crowley's survivors, his aged wife and son, were interviewed
extensively by the FBI and instructed to minimize any discussion of
highly damaging CIA files that Crowley had, illegally,
removed from Langley when he retired. Crowley had been a close
friend of James Jesus Angleton, the CIA’s notorious head of
Counterintelligence. When Angleton was sacked by
DCI William Colby in December of 1974, Crowley and Angleton
conspired to secretly
remove Angleton’s most sensitive secret files our of the agency.
Crowley did the same thing right
before his own retirement , secretly removing thousands of pages
of classified information that covered his entire agency
career.
Known as “The Crow” within the agency, Robert T. Crowley
joined the CIA at its inception and spent his entire career in the
Directorate of Plans, also know as the “Department of Dirty
Tricks,”: Crowley was one of the tallest man ever to work at the
CIA. Born in 1924 and raised in Chicago, Crowley grew to six and a
half feet when he entered the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in
N.Y. as a cadet in 1943 in the class of 1946. He never graduated,
having enlisted in the Army, serving in the Pacific during World War
II. He retired from the Army Reserve in 1986 as a lieutenant
colonel. According to a book he authored with his friend and
colleague, William Corson, Crowley’s career included service in
military intelligence and Naval Intelligence, before joining the CIA
at inception in 1947. His entire career at the agency was spent
within the Directorate of Plans in covert operations. Before his
retirement, Bob Crowley became assistant deputy director for
operations, the second-in-command in the Clandestine Directorate of
Operations.
One of Crowley’s first major assignments within the agency
was to assist in the recruitment and management of prominent World
War II Nazis, especially those with advanced intelligence
experience. One of the CIA’s major recruitment coups was Heinrich
Mueller, once head of Hitler’s Gestapo who had fled to Switzerland
after the collapse of the Third Reich and worked as an
anti-Communist expert for Masson of Swiss counterintelligence.
Mueller was initially hired by Colonel James Critchfield of the CIA,
who was running the Gehlen Organization out of Pullach in
southern Germany. Crowley eventually came to despise Critchfield but
the colonel was totally unaware of this, to his later dismay.
Crowley’s real expertise within the agency was the Soviet
KGB. One of his main jobs throughout his career was acting as the
agency liaison with corporations like ITT, which the CIA often used
as fronts for moving large amounts of cash off their books. He was
deeply involved in the efforts by the U.S. to overthrow the
democratically elected government of Salvador Allende in Chile,
which eventually got him into legal problems with regard to
investigations of the U.S. government’s grand jury where he has
perjured himself in an agency cover-up
After
his retirement, Crowley began to search for someone who might be
able to write a competent history of his career. His first choice
fell on British author John Costello (author of Ten Days to
Destiny, The Pacific War and other works) but, discovering that
Costello was a very aggressive homosexual, he dropped him and
tentatively turned to Joseph Trento who had assisted Crowley and
William Corson in writing a book on the KGB. When Crowley discovered
that Trento had an ambiguous and probably cooperative relationship
with the CIA, he began to distrust him and continued his search for
an author.
Bob
Crowley first contacted Gregory Douglas
in 1993 when he
found out from John Costello that Douglas was about to publish his
first book on Heinrich Mueller, the former head of the Gestapo who
had become a secret, long-time asset to the CIA. Crowley contacted
Douglas and they began a series of long and often very informative
telephone conversations that lasted for four years. . In 1996,
Crowley , Crowley told Douglas
that he believed him to be the person that should ultimately
tell Crowley’s story but only after Crowley’s death. Douglas,
for his part, became so entranced with some of the material that
Crowley began to share with him that he secretly began to record
their conversations, later transcribing them word for word, planning
to incorporate some, or all, of the material in later publications.
In
1998, when Crowley was slated to go into the hospital for
exploratory surgery, he
had his son, Greg, ship two large foot lockers of documents to
Douglas with the caveat that they were not to be opened until after
Crowley’s death. These documents, totaled
an astonishing 15,000 pages of CIA classified files involving
many covert operations, both foreign and domestic, during the Cold
War.
After
Crowley’s death and Trento’s raid on the Crowley files, huge
gaps were subsequently discovered by horrified CIA officials and
when Crowley’s friends mentioned Gregory Douglas, it was
discovered that Crowley’s son had shipped two large boxes to
Douglas. No one knew their contents but because Douglas was viewed
as an uncontrollable loose cannon who had done considerable damage
to the CIA’s reputation by his on-going publication of the history
of Gestapo-Mueller, they bent every effort both to identify the
missing files and make some effort to retrieve them before Douglas
made any use of them.
All of this furor eventually came to the attention of Dr.
Peter Janney, a Massachusetts clinical psychologist and son of
Wistar Janney, another career senior CIA official, colleague of not
only Bob Crowley but Cord Meyer, Richard Helms, Jim Angleton and
others. Janney was working on a book concerning the murder of Mary
Pinchot Meyer, former wife of Cord Meyer, a high-level CIA official,
and later the mistress of President John F. Kennedy.
Douglas had authored a book, ‘Regicide’ which
dealt with Crowley’s part in the Kennedy assassination and he
obviously had access to at least some of Crowley’s papers. Janney
was very well connected inside the CIA’s higher levels and when he
discovered that Douglas had indeed known, and had often spoken with,
Crowley and that after Crowley’s death, the FBI had descended on
Crowley’s widow and son, warning them to never speak with Douglas
about anything, he contacted Douglas and finally obtained from him a
number of original documents, including the originals of the
transcribed conversations with Robert Crowley.
In spite of the burn bags, the top secret safes and the
vigilance of the CIA to keep its own secrets, the truth has an
embarrassing and often very fatal habit of emerging, albeit decades
later.
Among Robert Crowley’s papers was a complete manuscript he
prepared for in-house circulation dealing with the political,
military and intelligence backgrounds of the long war in Vietnam. As
a CIA employee, Crowley had signed an agreement that he would never
publish anything based on his CIA service without first submitting
the complete manuscript to the Agency for its vetting. In this case,
Crowley never submitted the manuscript and is now dead. His only son
is also dead and his wife is in a nursing facility so this
fascinating view of a troubled period in America is now seeing the
light of day for the first time.
The Vietnam War 1945-1978
by
Robert Trumbull Crowley
Origins
and Background
The
beginnings of the Cold War in Southeast Asia
Alliances
traditionally rarely outlast a war that brought them together and
this was certainly the case in the American-British alliance with
Communist Russia under Josef Stalin. Soviet manipulations in eastern
Europe, fomenting unrest in other areas and an obvious attempt on
the part of Stalin to grab by stealth and disruption what the
militarily depleted Soviet Union could not accomplish led to rapidly
worsening relations with the United States. The pro-Stalin Roosevelt
had been replaced by the anti-Stalin Truman and in 1947, the Soviet
advances in Iran led to the so-called Truman Doctrine. This was a
firm doctrine of containment and initially, it took the form of
American aid to Turkey and Greece as well as successful
counter-measures against Communist activity in Iran.
Czechoslovakia passed to Stalinst control in 1948 and his
blockade of Berlin marked one part of the Cold War beginnings. The other was a faked document by
German General Reinhard Gehlen,
then an asset of the U.S. Army, in which the General, a specialist
in Russian military organization, alleged that Stalin was about to
launch 135 of his armored divisions into the West. That these
divisions existed on paper only was known not only to Gehlen but
also to senior Pentagon officials was never mentioned. The so-called
Gehlen Report was judiciously leaked to both Congress and President
Truman with predictable results. Both the US military and elements
of American industry were given a great boost and in 1949, NATO was
organized as another overt threat to Stalinist Russia.
In the Asian theater, once the Marshall mission to China
failed and the Chinese Communists defeated Chiang Kai- Shek’s KMT
forces and forced them to flee to the island of Taiwan.. In 1949,
the Communist leader, MaoTse-tsung proclaimed the People’s
Republic of China at Peking. In 1950, Mao signed a 30 year
friendship treaty with Stalin’s Russia and this in defiance of the
1945 treaty between Russia and Chiang. Coupled with the apparent
belligerence of our former ally, Stalin, and what then appeared to
be his on-going successes in the diplomatic world, the west quite
naturally became highly agitated and the militant anti-Communists
then very active in governance circles in America, used all of this
to further bolster their police of re-armament and clandestine
opposition. It would take many years before it was understood in the
West that Ho Chi Minh, like Mao, was not part of a great and
monolithic Communist edifice but was their own master and not
Moscow’s puppet.
The war that broke out on the Korean peninsula
in June of 1950 had a profound effect on the US intelligence
and domestic political community in that it came so soon after the
conclusion of the long and bloody Second World War and its
inconclusive ending in July of 1953 was difficult for the American
public to grasp. The involvement of China in this war reinforced the
growing feeling that Communist China was a looming danger and that
insofar as Vietnam was concerned, perceived as a major threat to be
countered by any means possible.
Continued…..
SECRECY NEWS
from the FAS Project on Government Secrecy
Volume 2008, Issue No. 109
November 10, 2008
COMMERCIAL
SATELLITE IMAGERY SHEDS LIGHT HERE AND THERE
As the quality and availability of commercial satellite
imagery continue to improve, the technology is adding a new
dimension to public understanding of world events, while both
enhancing and challenging national and global security.
"Last month, the most powerful commercial satellite in
history sent its first pictures back to Earth, and another with
similar capabilities is set for launch in mid-2009," wrote
Peter Eisler in USA Today last week. "The imagery
provided by those and other commercial satellites has transformed
global security in fundamental ways, forcing even the most
powerful nations to hide facilities and activities that are
visible not only to rival nations, but even to their own
citizens." See "Google Earth helps yet worries government," November
7.
Iraqi insurgents, among other non-state actors, have also
taken advantage of the new capabilities offered by satellite
imagery. A 2006 dispatch prepared by the DNI Open Source
Center (first reported by USA Today) documented "the use of
Google Earth for tactical planning of rocket attacks against U.S.
military targets in Iraq." See "Iraqi
Insurgency Group Utilizes Google Earth for Attack Planning,"
July 19, 2006.
A newly disclosed GeoEye commercial satellite image of the
site of a suspected Syrian nuclear facility at Al Kibar that was
taken on November 23, 2007, some two months after it was bombed by
Israel on September 6, 2007, shows rather rapid reconstruction of
the destroyed facility.
"I'd say it confirms that the Syrians were in a really
big hurry to get the site covered up," said Allen Thomson, a
former CIA analyst who has studied the case. "The
previously available DigitalGlobe picture of 24 October 2007
showed only a mound of dirt. By a month later (the GeoEye
pic), what appears to be a thick slab (you can see that it casts a
shadow) was in place. And January 11 imagery shows the new
building up and the roof in place."
The new image was released last week courtesy of GeoEye /
Space Imaging Middle East. It appears on page 1170 of an
extensive open source compilation (large pdf) on the
Israeli Strike in Syria prepared by Mr. Thomson.
JAMES C. WARF, MANHATTAN PROJECT SCIENTIST
Prof. James C. Warf, a Manhattan Project chemist, author
and activist, died last week.
An early member of the Federation of American Scientists,
Dr. Warf held patents on the separation of plutonium from
high-level nuclear waste. He taught chemistry at the
University of Southern California for forty years, specializing in
rare earth metals. He also taught for ten years in Indonesia
and Brunei and, his son recalled, he wrote the first textbooks on
organic and inorganic chemistry in the Indonesian language.
He was a skilled amateur vintner and happily gave away samples of
his product.
Dr. Warf also gave generously of his time and expertise to
public interest groups concerned with nuclear weapons and nuclear
reactor safety. He was a fundamentally decent man.
He was remembered in "James C. Warf dies at 91; Manhattan Project chemist became peace
activist, USC professor" by Claire Noland, Los
Angeles Times, November 9.
VARIOUS RESOURCES
"Pakistan -- a key U.S. ally in global efforts to
combat Islamist militancy -- is in urgent need of an estimated $4
billion in capital to avoid defaulting on its sovereign
debt." See "Pakistan's
Capital Crisis: Implications for U.S. Policy" (pdf),
Congressional Research Service, November 7, 2008.
A new Pentagon manual (pdf) issued by Under Secretary of Defense
(Intelligence) James R. Clapper prescribes the implementation of
the Department of Defense operations security (OPSEC) program.
OPSEC
is the process of identifying sensitive information that could be
exposed to hostile detection in the course of military operations,
and taking steps to protect such information. See "DoD
Operations Security (OPSEC) Program Manual," DoD
Manual 5205.02M, November 3, 2008.
The state of national preparedness for a bioterrorist
incident was examined last year in a newly published congressional
hearing, which includes supplementary questions and answers for
the record. See "Six
Years After Anthrax: Are We Better Prepared to Respond to
Bioterrorism?", Senate Committee on Homeland
Security and Governmental Affairs, October 23, 2007.
The Life and Times of
the Devine Sarah
November
9, 2008
by
Tim Shipman
The
Telegraph/UK
The
Republican vice presidential candidate attracted criticism for
accusing Mr Obama of "palling around with terrorists",
citing his association with the sixties radical William Ayers.
The
attacks provoked a near lynch mob atmosphere at her rallies, with
supporters yelling "terrorist" and "kill him"
until the McCain campaign ordered her to tone down the rhetoric.
But
it has now emerged that her demagogic tone may have unintentionally
encouraged white supremacists to go even further.
The
Secret Service warned the Obama family in mid October that they had
seen a dramatic increase in the number of threats against the
Democratic candidate, coinciding with Mrs Palin's attacks.
Michelle
Obama, the future First Lady, was so upset that she turned to her
friend and campaign adviser Valerie Jarrett and said: "Why
would they try to make people hate us?"
The
revelations, contained in a Newsweek history of the campaign, are
likely to further damage Mrs Palin's credentials as a future
presidential candidate. She is already a frontrunner, with Louisiana
Governor Bobby Jindal, to take on Mr Obama in four years time.
Details
of the spike in threats to Mr Obama come as a report last week by
security and intelligence analysts Stratfor, warned that he is a
high risk target for racist gunmen. It concluded: "Two plots to
assassinate Obama were broken up during the campaign season, and
several more remain under investigation. We would expect federal
authorities to uncover many more plots to attack the president that
have been hatched by white supremacist ideologues."
Irate
John McCain aides, who blame Mrs Palin for losing the election,
claim Mrs Palin took it upon herself to question Mr Obama's
patriotism, before the line of attack had been cleared by Mr McCain.
That
claim is part of a campaign of targeted leaks designed to torpedo
her ambitions, with claims that she did not know that Africawas a
continent rather than a country.
The
advisers have branded her a "diva" and a "whack
job" and claimed that she did not know which other countries
are in the North American Free Trade Area, (Canada and Mexico). They
say she spent more than $150,000 on designer clothes, including
$40,000 on her husband Todd and that she refused to prepare for the
disastrous series of interviews with CBS's Katie Couric.
In
a bid to salvage her reputation Mrs Palin came out firing in an
interview with CNN, dismissing the anonymous leakers in
unpresidential language as "jerks" who had taken
"questions or comments I made in debate prep out of
context."
She
said: "I consider it cowardly. It's not true. That's cruel,
it's mean-spirited, it's immature, it's unprofessional and those
guys are jerks if they came away taking things out of context and
then tried to spread something on national news that's not fair and
not right."
She
was not asked about her incendiary rhetoric against Mr Obama. But
she did deny the spending spree claims, saying the clothes in
question had been returned to the Republican National Committee.
"Those are the RNC's clothes, they're not my clothes. I asked
for anything more than maybe a diet Dr Pepper once in a while. These
are false allegations."
Speaking
as she returned to her native Alaska, Mrs Palin claimed to be
baffled by what she claims was sexism on the national stage.
"Here in Alaska that double standard isn't applied because
these guys know that Alaskan women are pretty tough, on a par with
the men in terms of being outdoors, working hard," she said.
"They're
commercial fishermen, they're pilots, they're working up on the
North slopein the oil fields. You see equality in Alaska. I think
that was a bit of as surprise on the national level."
Comment: Poor Sarah, so close to Russia, so far from
decency. There she was, giggling, smirking and behaving like
tralierpark trash on a binge, buying over $200,000 worth of fancy
clothes at the taxpayer’s expense and just loving her redneck
audiences. And now Sarah has intentions of becoming the new Voice of
the Repubicans in the total absence of any leadership of that
bedraggled and disintigrating aggregations of lunatic Christians and
ideological throwbacks. Will she indeed become the Voice of the GOP?
If she does, maybe the Neocons will love her and William Kristol
will laud her but the rest of the glove will equate Sarah with her
SNL roastings. BH
JFK’s
Exhibitionism: from the official record
It has long been alleged that sexually explicit photos were
taken of John
F. Kennedy with various sex partners, groups, men and
women, and brought by a Secret Service agent to a Washington gallery
for framing. The gallery owner, Sidney Mickelson, stated that the
participants included a naked Kennedy and assorted lady friends
wearing masks. Here, from the official archives, is a period FBI
report on the subject. There are no pictures attached and while a
writer we know has some, this is a family website.

Secret
Order Lets U.S. Raid Al Qaeda in Many Countries
November
10, 2008
by
Eric Schmitt and Mark Mazzetti
New
York Times
WASHINGTON
— The United States military since 2004 has used broad, secret
authority to carry out nearly a dozen previously undisclosed attacks
against Al Qaeda and other militants in Syria,
Pakistan and elsewhere, according to senior American officials.
These
military raids, typically carried out by Special Operations forces,
were authorized by a classified order that Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld signed
in the spring of 2004 with the approval of President Bush, the
officials said. The secret order gave the military new authority to
attack the Qaeda terrorist network anywhere in the world, and a more
sweeping mandate to conduct operations in countries not at war with
the United States.
In
2006, for example, a Navy Seal team raided a
suspected militants’ compound in the Bajaur region of Pakistan,
according to a former top official of the Central
Intelligence Agency. Officials watched the entire mission
— captured by the video camera of a remotely piloted Predator
aircraft — in real time in the C.I.A.’s Counterterrorist Center
at the agency’s headquarters in Virginia 7,000 miles away.
Some
of the military missions have been conducted in close coordination
with the C.I.A., according to senior American officials, who said
that in others, like the Special Operations raid in Syria on Oct. 26
of this year, the military commandos acted in support of C.I.A.-directed
operations.
But
as many as a dozen additional operations have been canceled in the
past four years, often to the dismay of military commanders, senior
military officials said. They said senior administration officials
had decided in these cases that the missions were too risky, were
too diplomatically explosive or relied on insufficient evidence.
More
than a half-dozen officials, including current and former military
and intelligence officials as well as senior Bush administration
policy makers, described details of the 2004 military order on the
condition of anonymity because of its politically delicate nature.
Spokesmen for the White House, the Defense Department and the
military declined to comment.
Apart
from the 2006 raid into Pakistan, the American officials refused to
describe in detail what they said had been nearly a dozen previously
undisclosed attacks, except to say they had been carried out in
Syria, Pakistan and other countries. They made clear that there had
been no raids into Iran using that authority, but they suggested
that American forces had carried out reconnaissance missions in Iran
using other classified directives.
According
to a senior administration official, the new authority was spelled
out in a classified document called “Al Qaeda Network Exord,” or
execute order, that streamlined the approval process for the
military to act outside officially declared war zones. Where in the
past the Pentagon needed to get approval for missions on a
case-by-case basis, which could take days when there were only hours
to act, the new order specified a way for Pentagon planners to get
the green light for a mission far more quickly, the official said.
It
also allowed senior officials to think through how the United States
would respond if a mission went badly. “If that helicopter goes
down in Syria en route to a target,” a former senior military
official said, “the American response would not have to be worked
out on the fly.”
The
2004 order was a step in the evolution of how the American
government sought to kill or capture Qaeda terrorists around the
world. It was issued after the Bush administration had already
granted America’s intelligence agencies sweeping power to secretly
detain and interrogate terrorism suspects in overseas prisons and to
conduct warrantless eavesdropping on telephone and electronic
communications.
Shortly
after the Sept. 11 attacks, Mr. Bush issued a classified order
authorizing the C.I.A. to kill or capture Qaeda militants around the
globe. By 2003, American intelligence agencies and the military had
developed a much deeper understanding of Al Qaeda’s extensive
global network, and Mr. Rumsfeld pressed hard to unleash the
military’s vast firepower against militants outside the combat
zones of Iraq and Afghanistan.
The
2004 order identifies 15 to 20 countries, including Syria, Pakistan,
Yemen, Saudi Arabia and several other Persian Gulf states, where
Qaeda militants were believed to be operating or to have sought
sanctuary, a senior administration official said.
Even
with the order, each specific mission requires high-level government
approval. Targets in Somalia, for instance, need at least the
approval of the defense secretary, the administration official said,
while targets in a handful of countries, including Pakistan and
Syria, require presidential approval.
The
Pentagon has exercised its authority frequently, dispatching
commandos to countries including Pakistan and Somalia. Details of a
few of these strikes have previously been reported.
For
example, shortly after Ethiopian troops crossed into Somalia in late
2006 to dislodge an Islamist regime in Mogadishu, the Pentagon’s
Joint Special
Operations Command quietly sent operatives and AC-130
gunships to an airstrip near the Ethiopian town of Dire Dawa. From
there, members of a classified unit called Task Force 88 crossed
repeatedly into Somalia to hunt senior members of a Qaeda cell
believed to be responsible for the 1998 American Embassy bombings in
Kenya and Tanzania.
At
the time, American officials said Special Operations troops were
operating under a classified directive authorizing the military to
kill or capture Qaeda operatives if failure to act quickly would
mean the United States had lost a “fleeting opportunity” to
neutralize the enemy.
Occasionally,
the officials said, Special Operations troops would land in Somalia
to assess the strikes’ results. On Jan. 7, 2007, an AC-130 struck
an isolated fishing village near the Kenyan border, and within
hours, American commandos and Ethiopian troops were examining the
rubble to determine whether any Qaeda operatives had been killed.
But
even with the new authority, proposed Pentagon missions were
sometimes scrubbed because of bad intelligence or bureaucratic
entanglements, senior administration officials said.
The
details of one of those aborted operations, in early 2005, were
reported by The New York Times last June. In that case, an operation
to send a team of the Navy Seals and the Army Rangers into Pakistan
to capture Ayman al-Zawahri, Osama bin Laden’s top
deputy, was aborted at the last minute.
Mr.
Zawahri was believed by intelligence officials to be attending a
meeting in Bajaur, in Pakistan’s tribal areas, and the
Pentagon’s Joint Special Operations Command hastily put together a
plan to capture him. There were strong disagreements inside the
Pentagon and the C.I.A. about the quality of the intelligence,
however, and some in the military expressed concern that the mission
was unnecessarily risky.
Porter J. Goss,
the C.I.A. director at the time, urged the military to carry out the
mission, and some in the C.I.A. even wanted to execute it without
informing Ryan C. Crocker, then the
American ambassador to Pakistan. Mr. Rumsfeld ultimately refused to
authorize the mission.
Former
military and intelligence officials said that Lt. Gen. Stanley A.
McChrystal, who recently completed his tour as head of the Joint
Special Operations Command, had pressed for years to win approval
for commando missions into Pakistan. But the missions were
frequently rejected because officials in Washington determined that
the risks to American troops and the alliance with Pakistan were too
great.
Capt.
John Kirby, a spokesman for General McChrystal, who is now director
of the military’s Joint Staff, declined to comment.
The
recent raid into Syria was not the first time that Special
Operations forces had operated in that country, according to a
senior military official and an outside adviser to the Pentagon.
Since
the Iraq war began, the official and the outside adviser said,
Special Operations forces have several times made cross-border raids
aimed at militants and infrastructure aiding the flow of foreign
fighters into Iraq.
The
raid in late October, however, was much more noticeable than the
previous raids, military officials said, which helps explain why it
drew a sharp protest from the Syrian government.
Negotiations
to hammer out the 2004 order took place over nearly a year and
involved wrangling between the Pentagon and the C.I.A. and the State
Department about the military’s proper role around the world,
several administration officials said.
American
officials said there had been debate over whether to include Iran in
the 2004 order, but ultimately Iran was set aside, possibly to be
dealt with under a separate authorization.
Senior
officials of the State Department and the C.I.A. voiced fears that
military commandos would encroach on their turf, conducting
operations that historically the C.I.A. had carried out, and running
missions without an ambassador’s knowledge or approval.
Mr.
Rumsfeld had pushed in the years after the Sept. 11 attacks to
expand the mission of Special Operations troops to include
intelligence gathering and counterterrorism operations in countries
where American commandos had not operated before.
Bush
administration officials have shown a determination to operate under
an expansive definition of self-defense that provides a legal
rationale for strikes on militant targets in sovereign nations
without those countries’ consent.
Several
officials said the negotiations over the 2004 order resulted in
closer coordination among the Pentagon, the State Department and the
C.I.A., and set a very high standard for the quality of intelligence
necessary to gain approval for an attack.
The
2004 order also provided a foundation for the orders that Mr. Bush
approved in July allowing the military to conduct raids into the
Pakistani tribal areas, including the Sept. 3 operation by Special
Operations forces that killed about 20 militants, American officials
said.
Administration
officials said that Mr. Bush’s approval had paved the way for
Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates to sign an
order — separate from the 2004 order — that specifically
directed the military to plan a series of operations, in cooperation
with the C.I.A., on the Qaeda network and other militant groups
linked to it in Pakistan.
Unlike
the 2004 order, in which Special Operations commanders nominated
targets for approval by senior government officials, the order in
July was more of a top-down approach, directing the military to work
with the C.I.A. to find targets in the tribal areas, administration
officials said. They said each target still needed to be approved by
the group of Mr. Bush’s top national security and foreign policy
advisers, called the Principals Committee.
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